With the development of advanced drilling technologies, more and more downhole data need to be transmitted to groundsurface in real time, however the transmission rate of existing logging while drilling (LWD) data transmission techniqueis too low to meet the requirement of actual drilling technology.This paper tries to apply the mature underwater acoustic communication technology to the LWD data transmission. The theoretical model of LWD data acoustic transmission was established, the influence of pipeline acoustic signal long transmission condition andacoustic frequencyon acoustic signal attenuation was analyzed. Finite element software COMSOL was used to simulate the logging while drilling acoustic data transmission system.Under the conditions of well depth of 2 000 m, acoustic frequency of 1, 4 and 8 kHz,and drilling fluid viscosity of 20 mPa·s, the influence of acoustic frequency on acoustic attenuation was simulated. The maximum relative error of simulation result and theoretical analysis is less than 85%, which verifies thecorrectness of the theoretical model. The influence of the drilling pipe diameter changing and bending on the acoustic transmission was analyzed. Finally, the experiment test was carried out, which demonstrates the technical potential of acoustic data transmission method in drilling process, and lays a foundation for the practical application of this technology.