To measure profile parameters of automotive synchronous belt, the problems include low efficiency and the influence of human factors. This paper proposes a noncontact measurement scheme based on laser triangulation. The measurement device of automobile synchronous belt tooth profile is designed. The profile data acquisition of the synchronous belt is realized by the laser displacement sensor coincidence with the transmission speed of the synchronous belt. The improved segmentation algorithm is proposed to achieve feature segmentation of the collected profile data. By fitting these data after segmentation, the profile curve features are reconstructed and the profile parameters of the measured teeth are obtained. Based on the laser triangulation method, the profile parameters of synchronous belt are measured. The automatic measurement of profile parameters of automobile synchronous belt is realized, which can enhance the measurement efficiency and avoid the influence of human factors. The measurement accuracy is also ensured. It is expected that this method can be applied in the practical production of synchronous belt.