Ultrasound neuromodulation offers a non-invasive method for precisely regulating deep brain nuclei, providing a novel method for fundamental neuroscience research and brain disorders treatment. Ultrasound neuromodulation has received widespread attention, becoming a cutting-edge of neuromodulation. This article reviews the research progress in ultrasound neuromodulation, with a focus on the principles and the development of three types of ultrasound neuromodulation devices, including bulk acoustic wave transducers, surface acoustic wave devices, and optoacoustic devices. Additionally, the mechanisms research of advancements in ultrasound neuromodulation are analyzed. Furthermore, biomedical applications of ultrasound neuromodulation are discussed. Finally, this article provides an outlook on ultrasound neuromodulation, and explores the future development of sonogenetics.