Due to its excellent specific strength, multilayer heterogeneous metal bonded structures are widely used as core components in key areas such as pressurized equipment, ships, and nuclear equipment, etc. Their long-term service in complex and harsh environments inevitably produces a variety of defects and damages, which in turn affects the safety of equipment in service. Ultrasonic guided wave inspection is a potential non-destructive testing method. However, the impedance difference between metal and non-metal bonding layers in multi-layer metal bonding structures complicates the propagation characteristics of Lamb waves, making defect detection and localization using time-based guided wave methods challenging. Therefore, this paper proposes a probabilistic imaging method of damage existence applicable to multilayer structures and combines it with the virtual time reversal technique to detect and localize the defects on the inner surfaces of multilayer heterogeneous metal-bonded structures without benchmarks. The results show that in a plate with a geometry of 300 mm, the difference between the coordinates of the localized defects and the center coordinates of the actual defect location is only 2. 74 mm, which realizes the accurate localization of the damage on the inner surface of the multilayered heterogeneous metal bonded structure K .