Diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) color center has the advantages of excellent quantum properties at room temperature, long decoherence time, compatibility with micro and nano processing, etc. Thus, it becomes a new development direction in the field of highprecision on-chip sensor technology. The sensitivity of magnetic, electric, temperature, angular velocity, and other physical quantities based on the quantum effect of diamond NV color center has gradually broken through the limits of existing sensing and measurement technology. It has been increasingly applied in aerospace, deep space exploration, life science, and other disciplines. This review mainly introduces the mechanism of diamond NV color center quantum sensing, the research progress, and future development trends of sensors with different physical quantities.