To address the problem of the existing wireless charging system being sensitive to the offset and the significant decrease in energy transmission efficiency, this article proposes a three-winding wireless charging system based on adjustable excitation. The traditional single transmitting coil is physically divided into three concentrically arranged parallel windings. The spatial layout is optimized through a coplanar integrated design to construct three independent power channels. A three-half-bridge inverter architecture is adopted in combination with a duty cycle modulation strategy to adjust the excitation, achieving independent control and dynamic coordination of the current amplitude and phase of each winding. Further, through the reuse design of the inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensation network and the transmitting side series resonant capacitor, complete decoupling among the three windings is achieved without additional decoupling windings and resonant capacitors. To evaluate the proposed scheme, an experimental prototype is established and tested under X-axis offsets ranging from 0 to 120 mm and X/Y-axis offsets from 0 to 90 mm. Experimental results show that the proposed three-winding scheme achieves an output voltage fluctuation of only 1.50% over the X-axis offset range, with a maximum system efficiency of 91.09%. Over the X/Y-axis offset range, the output voltage fluctuation is 1.56%, and the efficiency reaches 91.27%. Under the same offset ranges, the output voltage fluctuations of the single-coil scheme are 35.4% and 45.5%, and those of the reverse-winding scheme are 32.1% and 39.0%, respectively. The three-winding scheme can maintain constant output voltage and high transmission efficiency under a wide range of offsets, and its anti-offset performance is significantly better than that of the traditional schemes. This scheme successfully integrates the high-power density advantage of the single-transmitting coil scheme with the anti-offset characteristics of the multi-coil scheme, providing a solution for the evolution of wireless charging technology from an auxiliary function to a high-power infrastructure.