The runway has the problem of ice accumulation. To address this issue, an autonomous cooling device with a thermoelectric cooler as the core is designed to achieve active ice accumulation warning. Numerical analysis shows that the cold end of the device is affected by the small-scale meteorological environment of the runway and has non-linear characteristics. To realize the fast response and accurate following of the device temperature, a dual-loop active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method is proposed to design an autonomous cooling controller for runway ice accumulation warning. Simulation results show that ADRC temperature control following and immunity performance are better than the nonlinear PID. The RMSE values are 0. 654 1 and 1. 152 6, respectively. Low-temperature experimental chamber temperature control performance test shows that the steady-state error of ADRC under different temperature control instructions is less than the nonlinear PID, and the highest is 0. 04℃ . The freezing point detection experiment under runway environment shows that the device can realize the runway freezing point detection function. The temperature control performance regulation strategy of this autonomous cooling device meets the demand of active warning of runway ice accumulation.